This site is
based on the book
“Novikov A.Ì., Novikov D.A. Methodology.
Moscow: SINTEG, 2007. – 668 p.”
SUMMARY
The book contains the
authors’ approach towards the construction of methodology, which
is defined as the theory of the organization of human activity.
This definition determines the subject of methodology – the
organization of activity. In this framework the term
«organization» is considered in the following three denotations:
1) an internal order,
coherency or interaction between more or less differentiated and
autonomous parts of the whole;
2) an aggregate of
processes or actions, which lead to the formation and perfection
of interrelations between the parts of the whole;
3) a community of people,
jointly implementing certain program of actions or achieving a
purpose under given procedures and principles of interaction.
Under the above definition
of methodology it is considered broadly – as the theory of
organization of any human activity – scientific, practical, art,
educational or play activity on the one hand; and both
individual and collective activity on the other hand.
The book contains detailed
philosophical, psychological, systems engineering, science on
science, ethical and aesthetical foundations of methodology.
Methodology studies the
organization of activity. To organize an activity means to
regularize it into the holistic system with precise
characteristics, logical structure, and process of its
implementation (temporal structure).
Logical structure of
activity includes the following components: object, subject,
forms, means, methods and the result of the activity.
External characteristics
are the peculiar properties, principles, conditions and norms of
activity.
Historically, different
types of the activity organization cultures’ are distinguished:
traditional culture of aboriginal and agrarian society,
handicraft and professional (scientific) cultures. The modern
one is the project-technological type of organization culture,
which is characterized by the subdivisions of a man’s (or an
organization’s) activity into complete cycles, which are
referred to as the projects, implemented in the certain temporal
sequence by phases, stages and steps.
The completeness of the
activity cycle (completeness of the project) is determined by
three sequential phases:
– the designing phase,
which results in the constructed model of the designed system
and into the plan of its implementation;
– the technological phase,
which results in the implementation of the system;
– the reflexive phase,
which results in the estimation of the implemented system and
decision-making on its further correction or starting the next
project.
Given above understanding
and construction of methodology allows considering from the
unified positions and in the same logic (chapter 1):
- the methodology of
scientific researches (chapter 2);
- the methodology of
practical activity (chapter 3);
- the methodology of art
activity (chapter 4);
- the methodology of
educational activity (chapter 5);
- the methodology of play
activity (chapter 6).
Comparative analysis of different types of activity’s
organization is given in chapter 7. The problem of teaching the
methodology in senior school, colleges, universities and
post-graduate courses is considered in chapter 8.
CONTENT
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1. FOUNDATIONS
OF METHODOLOGY
1.1. Philosophical-Psychological and Systems Engineering
Foundations of
Methodology
1.2. Science on Science
Foundations of Methodology
1.3. Ethical and
Aesthetical Foundations of Methodology
2.1. Characteristics of
Scientific Researches
2.2. Means and Methods of
Scientific Researches
2.3. Organization of the
Scientific Research Process
2.4. Particularity of the
Collective Scientific Researches
3.1. Characteristics of
Practical Activity
3.2. Means and Methods of
Practical Activity
3.3. Organization of the
Practical Activity Process
3.4. Project Management
3.5. Projects and
Scientific Researches
Chapter 4. INTRODUCTION
TO THE METHODOLOGY
OF ART ACTIVITY
4.1. Characteristics of
Art Activity
4.2. Means, Methods and
Forms of Art Activity
4.3. Organization of the
Art Activity Process
5.1. Shift of the
Educational Paradigms
5.2. Characteristics of
Educational Activity
5.3. Logical Structure of
Educational Activity
5.4. Organization of the
Educational Activity Process
Chapter 6. INTRODUCTION
TO THE METHODOLOGY
OF PLAY ACTIVITY
6.1. Characteristics of
Play Activity
6.2. Logical Structure of
Play Activity
6.3. Organization of the
Play Activity Process
Chapter 7. COMPARATIVE
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT
TYPES OF ACTIVITY’S ORGANIZATION
Chapter 8. TEACHING THE
BASES OF METHODOLOGY
CONCLUSION
SUBJECT-HEADING
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CONTENT
AUTHORS’ INFORMATION
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